Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - challenge
Связанные словари
Challenge
challenge
~1 n 1 »STH DIFFICULT« something that tests strength, skill, or ability especially in a way that is interesting (I liked the speed and challenge of racing. | face a challenge (=be ready to deal with one)) (The White House has to face yet another foreign policy challenge. | meet a challenge/rise to a challenge (=successfully deal with one)) (a new and vibrant initiative to meet the challenge of the 21st century) 2 »QUESTIONING OF RIGHTNESS« a refusal to accept that something is right and legal (a direct challenge to the Governor's authority | feminist challenges to the traditional social order) 3 »INVITATION TO COMPETE« a suggestion to someone that they should try to defeat you in a fight, game etc (The champions are ready to accept a challenge from any team that is a serious contender.) 4 »A DEMAND TO STOP« a demand from someone such as a guard to stop and give proof of who you are, and an explanation of what you are doing 5 »IN LAW« law a statement made before the beginning of a court case that a juror is not acceptable (Each lawyer may issue up to six challenges.) ~2 v 1 to refuse to accept that something is right or legal (What happens if the Finance Committee challenges us on these figures? | political offenders who challenge the authority of our law courts | challenge sb to do sth) (I challenge Dr. Carver to deny his involvement!) 2 to invite someone to compete or fight against you (challenge sb to sth) (After lunch Carey challenged me to a game of tennis.) (- compare dare1 (5)) 3 to test the skills or abilities of someone or something; stimulate (I'm really at my best when I'm challenged. | challenge sb to do sth) (Every teacher ought to be challenging kids to think about current issues.) 4 to stop someone and demand proof of who they are, and an explanation of what they are doing (We were challenged by the sentry guarding the gate.) 5 law to state that a juror is not acceptable before a trial1 (1) begins - challenger n
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1.
(challenges, challenging, challenged) Frequency: The word is one of the 1500 most common words in English. 1. A challenge is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination. I like a big challenge and they don’t come much bigger than this... The new government’s first challenge is the economy. N-VAR 2. If someone rises to the challenge, they act in response to a difficult situation which is new to them and are successful. The new Germany must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities... PHRASE: V inflects 3. A challenge to something is a questioning of its truth or value. A challenge to someone is a questioning of their authority. The demonstrators have now made a direct challenge to the authority of the government. N-VAR: oft N to n 4. If you challenge ideas or people, you question their truth, value, or authority. Democratic leaders have challenged the president to sign the bill... The move was immediately challenged by two of the republics... I challenged him on the hypocrisy of his political attitudes. VERB: V n to-inf, be V-ed, V n on/about n, also V with quote, V n 5. If you challenge someone, you invite them to fight or compete with you in some way. A mum slashed a neighbour’s car tyre and challenged her to a fight after their daughters fell out... He left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging detectives to catch him... We challenged a team who called themselves ‘College Athletes’. VERB: V n to n, V n to-inf, V n • Challenge is also a noun. A third presidential candidate emerged to mount a serious challenge and throw the campaign wide open. N-COUNT 6. see also challenged, challenging ...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
2.
I. verb (~d; challenging) Etymology: Middle English chalengen to accuse, from Anglo-French chalenger, from Latin calumniari to accuse falsely, from calumnia calumny Date: 13th century transitive verb 1. to demand as due or deserved ; require an event that ~s explanation 2. to order to halt and prove identity the sentry ~d the stranger 3. to dispute especially as being unjust, invalid, or outmoded ; impugn new data that ~s old assumptions 4. to question formally the legality or legal qualifications of ~ a juror 5. a. to confront or defy boldly ; dare he ~d his critics to prove his guilt b. to call out to duel or combat c. to invite into competition he ~d his brother to a tennis match 6. to arouse or stimulate especially by presenting with difficulties she wants a job that will ~ her 7. to administer a physiological and especially an immunologic ~ to (an organism or cell) intransitive verb 1. to make or present a ~ 2. to take legal exception • ~r noun II. noun Date: 14th century 1. a. a summons that is often threatening, provocative, stimulating, or inciting; specifically a summons to a duel to answer an affront b. an invitation to compete in a sport 2. a. a calling to account or into question ; protest b. an exception taken to a juror before the juror is sworn c. a sentry's command to halt and prove identity d. a questioning of the right or validity of a vote or voter 3. a stimulating task or problem looking for new ~s 4. the act or process of provoking or testing physiological activity by exposure to a specific substance; especially a test of immunity by exposure to an antigen ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
3.
n. & v. --n. 1 a a summons to take part in a contest or a trial of strength etc., esp. to a duel. b a summons to prove or justify something. 2 a demanding or difficult task (rose to the challenge of the new job). 3 Law an objection made to a jury member. 4 a call to respond, esp. a sentry's call for a password etc. 5 an invitation to a sporting contest, esp. one issued to a reigning champion. 6 Med. a test of immunity after immunization treatment. --v.tr. 1 (often foll. by to + infin.) a invite to take part in a contest, game, debate, duel, etc. b invite to prove or justify something. 2 dispute, deny (I challenge that remark). 3 a stretch, stimulate (challenges him to produce his best). b (as challenging adj.) demanding; stimulatingly difficult. 4 (of a sentry) call to respond. 5 claim (attention, etc.). 6 Law object to (a jury member, evidence, etc.). 7 Med. test by a challenge. Derivatives challengeable adj. challenger n. Etymology: ME f. OF c(h)alenge, c(h)alenger f. L calumnia calumniari calumny ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
4.
1) вызов 2) рлк запрос запрашивать 3) бтх проверка иммунности к специфическому агенту - environmental challenges ...Большой Англо-русский Русско-английский политехнический словарь
Англо-русский строительный словарь
6.
1) (брошенный) вызов бросать вызов 2) проба сил; серьезное испытание 3) запрос (пароля, пропуска или опознавательного сигнала) 4) опознавательный сигнал подавать опознавательный сигнал 5) запрашивать пропуск или пароль to accept the challenge — браться за решение проблемы to face the challenge — столкнуться с проблемой to issue the challenge — ставить проблему; бросать вызов (исследователям) - monitoring challenge ...Англо-русский Русско-английский научно-технический словарь
7.
1. сущ. 1) вызов 2) сомнение 3) возражение Syn: doubt • peremptory challenge — отвод без указания причины 2. гл. 1) вызывать, бросать вызов 2) сомневаться 3) отрицать, оспаривать 4) требовать - challenge to socialist emulation Syn: set the problem CHALLENGE 1) возражение; возражать; оспаривать 2) притязание 3) юридический отвод; давать отвод – challenge the validity of the patent ...Англо-русский Русско-английский экономический словарь
8.
1) контрольное заражение 2) (антигенный) стимул – allergen challenge – antigen challenge – laboratory challenge ...Англо-русский Русско-английский биологический словарь
9.
1. юр. отвод Отклонение кандидатуры в коллегию присяжных jury путем ее дисквалификации представителем одной из сторон в судебном процессе. См. тж. struck jury 2. полит. вызов Вызов политическому оппоненту 3. полит. протест Обвинение в подтасовке результатов голосования ...Англо-русский лингвострановедческий словарь
10.
1. noun 1) вызов (на состязание, дуэль и т.п.) 2) оклик (часового) 3) сложная задача, проблема 4) naut. опознавательные (сигнал) 5) leg. отвод (присяжных) - peremptory challenge 2. v. 1) вызывать, бросать вызов to challenge to socialist emulation - вызывать на социалистическое соревнование 2) сомневаться, отрицать the teacher challenged my knowledge - учитель усомнился в моих знаниях 3) оспаривать; подвергать сомнению to challenge the accuracy of a statement - оспаривать правильность утверждения 4) требовать (внимания, уважения и т.п.) 5) окликать (о часовом); спрашивать пароль, пропуск 6) naut. показывать опознавательные 7) leg. давать отвод присяжным ...Англо-русский словарь
11.
- 12c., from O.Fr. chalenge "accusation, claim, dispute," from L. calumnia "trickery" (see calumny). Accusatory connotations died out 17c. Meaning "a calling to fight" is from 1530. Challenged as a euphemism for "disabled" dates from 1985. ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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